Cook the linguine according to package instructions until al dente. Drain and set aside, reserving 1/2 cup of pasta water.
In a large skillet over medium-high heat, season the chicken pieces with salt and pepper. Add olive oil to the skillet and cook the chicken until browned and cooked through, about 5-7 minutes. Remove the chicken from the skillet and set aside.
In the same skillet, add the minced garlic, smoked paprika, and red pepper flakes. Sauté for about 1 minute until fragrant.
Reduce the heat to low and stir in the melted butter, lemon juice, and reserved pasta water. Mix well to combine.
Add the cooked linguine and chicken back into the skillet, tossing to coat everything evenly in the sauce. Cook for an additional 2-3 minutes until heated through.
Remove from heat and sprinkle with chopped parsley and grated Parmesan cheese before serving.