Cook the linguine according to package instructions in a large pot of salted boiling water until al dente. Drain and set aside.
Season the chicken pieces with salt and black pepper. In a large skillet, heat olive oil over medium-high heat. Add the chicken and cook until browned and cooked through, about 5-7 minutes. Remove the chicken from the skillet and set aside.
In the same skillet, add the minced garlic, smoked paprika, and cayenne pepper. Sauté for about 1 minute until fragrant.
Reduce the heat to low and stir in the melted butter and lemon juice. Return the cooked chicken to the skillet and toss to coat in the butter sauce.
Add the cooked linguine to the skillet and toss everything together until well combined. Cook for an additional 2-3 minutes to heat through.
Remove from heat and stir in the chopped parsley and grated Parmesan cheese. Serve immediately.